Greece is officially entering a new digital era with the submission of the long-awaited Artificial Intelligence (AI) bill to Parliament. This legislative framework, following the European AI Act, is not merely a formal integration of EU directives but an ambitious effort by the Greek government to regulate the landscape of technological innovation while protecting citizens' fundamental rights.
This initiative comes at a critical juncture as the country seeks to transform itself into a regional technology and data hub in Southeast Europe. The bill aims to clarify the "gray zones" surrounding the use of algorithms in both the public and private sectors, setting strict criteria for transparency and accountability.
The National Supervisory Authority and Its Role
A central pillar of the new law is the establishment of the National Supervisory Authority for Artificial Intelligence. This Authority will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of rules, certifying high-risk systems, and imposing fines in cases of violations. Staffing it with experts from the fields of informatics, law, and ethics is a gamble for the credibility of the new framework.
Furthermore, the bill introduces the concept of the "Regulatory Sandbox." This is a controlled environment where businesses and research centers can test innovative AI applications under the supervision of authorities, without the fear of immediate sanctions, to ensure that the final product is safe and compliant with the law. This measure is considered vital for boosting the Greek startup scene.
AI in the Public Sector and Labor
Particular emphasis is placed on the use of AI in public administration. The bill provides for the use of algorithms to combat tax evasion, improve public health through predictive models, and speed up the administration of justice. However, clear restrictions are set: the final decision affecting a citizen's life must always be made by a human and not exclusively by a machine.
In the field of labor, the bill attempts to curb the reckless use of employee monitoring systems. Employers are now required to fully inform staff about the use of algorithms in hiring, evaluation, or dismissal, ensuring that there is no discrimination based on gender, age, or origin. "Algorithmic transparency" is thus emerging as a new labor right.
Challenges and Ethical Dilemmas
Despite the positive intentions, the bill is not without challenges. Criticism focuses mainly on the Greek state's ability to staff the new supervisory structures timely and adequately. There is also the fear that over-regulation could act as a deterrent to investment at a time when Greece is competing with neighboring countries with more flexible frameworks.
The issue of deepfakes and disinformation is also covered, with strict penalties for creating content aimed at deceiving the public or insulting personality. Protecting the democratic process from the malicious use of AI is a priority, especially ahead of future elections. In conclusion, the bill is a bold step whose success will be judged in practice and in its ability to adapt to rapid technological developments.
